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Date: April 30, 2024 Tue
Time: 1:21 am
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Results for policing (canada)
7 results foundAuthor: Martin, Andre Title: Caught in the Act: Investigation into the Ministry of Community Safety and Correctional Services' Conduct in Relation to Ontario Regulation 233/10 Under the Public Works Protection Act Summary: Regulation 233/10, passed to enhance security during the G20 summit, should never have been enacted. It was likely unconstitutional. The effect of Regulation 233/10, now expired, was to infringe on freedom of expression in ways that do not seem justifiable in a free and democratic society. Specifically, the passage of the regulation triggered the extravagant police authority found in the Public Works Protection Act, including the power to arbitrarily arrest and detain people and to engage in unreasonable searches and seizures. Even apart from the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, the legality of Regulation 233/10 is doubtful. The Public Works Protection Act under which it was proclaimed authorizes regulations to be created to protect infrastructure, not to provide security to people during events. Regulation 233/10 was therefore probably invalid for having exceeded the authority of the enactment under which it was passed. These problems should have been apparent, and given the tremendous power Regulation 233/10 conferred on the police, sober and considered reflection should have been given to whether it was appropriate to arm officers with such authority. This was not done. The decision of the Ministry of Community Safety and Correctional Services to sponsor the regulation was unreasonable. Even had Regulation 233/10 been valid, the government should have handled its passage better. Regulation 233/10 changed the rules of the game. It gave police powers that are unfamiliar in a free and democratic society. Steps should have been taken to ensure that the Toronto Police Service understood what they were getting. More importantly, the passage of the regulation should have been aggressively publicized, not disclosed only through obscure official information channels. Perversely, by changing the rules of the game without real notice, Regulation 233/10 acted as a trap for the responsible – those who took the time to educate themselves about police powers before setting out to express legitimate political dissent. All of this makes for a sorry legacy. The value in hosting international summits is that it permits the host nation to primp and pose before the eyes of the world. Ordinarily Ontario and Canada could proudly showcase the majesty of a free and democratic society. The legacy of the passage and administration of Regulation 233/10 is that we failed to do that well. Details: Ottawa: Ombudsman Ontario, 2010. 127p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 10, 2010 at: http://www.ombudsman.on.ca/media/157555/g20final1-en.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Canada URL: http://www.ombudsman.on.ca/media/157555/g20final1-en.pdf Shelf Number: 120436 Keywords: Freedom of SpeechPolice BehaviorPolice Use of ForcePolicing (Canada)Public Order |
Author: Canada. Statistics Canada. Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics Title: Police Resources in Canada, 2010 Summary: This report is based upon data collected through the annual Police Administration Survey conducted by Statistics Canada. This survey collects data on police personnel and expenditures from each police service in Canada. Data presented in this report represent police personnel as of May 15, 2010 and final expenditures for the calendar year ending December 31, 2009 (or March 31, 2010 for the few police services operating on a fiscal year). Details: Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 201o. 50 p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 11, 2011 at: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/85-225-x/85-225-x2010000-eng.pdf Year: 0 Country: Canada URL: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/85-225-x/85-225-x2010000-eng.pdf Shelf Number: 121302 Keywords: Police AdministrationPolice AgenciesPolice OfficersPolicing (Canada) |
Author: Human Sector Resources Title: Challenge, Choice, & Change: A Report on Evidence-Based Practice in the Provision of Policing Services to Aboriginal Peoples Summary: This is paper #12, one of more than 20 research documents commissioned by the Ipperwash Inquiry for the purpose of assisting in the development of the Inquiry’s “Part 2” recommendations. Those recommendations will consider both “systemic” and “operational” issues relating to the Inquiry’s mandate of assessing evidentiary information and making recommendations regarding the avoidance of violence during confrontations between police and Aboriginal peoples. In preparing this report, researchers reviewed more than 15,000 pages of material gleaned from inquiries, commissions, studies, reports and evaluations of Aboriginal–police relations in Canada, Australia, and the United States. Unfortunately, the original plan to identify only “evidence-based” initiatives had to be abandoned—there was little evidence about what really worked. There was, however, consensus in three significant areas as to what “should” and, in some cases, what “seemed” to be working. It also became evident that the potential for significantly impacting crime and victimization of Aboriginal peoples simply through adjustments to Aboriginal–police relations was limited. The reality of Aboriginal “overrepresentation” in the Canadian criminal justice system is that the circumstances that give rise to this overrepresentation are principally age, poor education, unemployment, and substance abuse; by and large, conditions that are beyond the criminal justice system’s ability to ameliorate. Notwithstanding, there are opportunities to make a difference. The first area of consensus was the potential for community policing approaches to reduce crime and to improve relationships between police and the people they are to serve. Unfortunately there were few examples where the strategy has been applied comprehensively and/or where police have had the resources to witness its full potential—at least in relation to Aboriginal people. A second area of consensus was with regard to “governance” models. Aboriginal people must be given greater control over police services and in turn, must be more accountable for results. The key dimension of a successful governance model includes the right to self-determination and the full and effective participation of Aboriginal people in overseeing police activity. The third area of consensus was in relation to recruitment, training, and retention of police officers. The key dimensions of a successful approach include screening for racism, recruitment of more Aboriginal people to police service, employee and family assistance programs, and cross-cultural training that utilizes Aboriginal officers in an experiential model. This report goes on to identify other innovations in Aboriginal police relations that appear to have great promise. These include: • Community Justice Groups • National Indian Youth Academy • Diversion • Circle Sentencing • Gang Resistance Education and Training • Aboriginal Police Commissions • Watch House • Rules for Interrogation The report concludes with a summary of the various program choices that would appear to have the potential to make a difference, a challenge that we must finally act on these choices, and a caution that real change will occur only if we address the underlying economic and social conditions experienced by Aboriginal people in Canada. Details: Ottawa: Ministry of the Attorney General, 2004. 73p. Source: Internet Resource: accessed September 6, 2011 at: http://www.attorneygeneral.jus.gov.on.ca/inquiries/ipperwash/policy_part/research/pdf/Human_Sector_Resources_Report.pdf Year: 2004 Country: Canada URL: http://www.attorneygeneral.jus.gov.on.ca/inquiries/ipperwash/policy_part/research/pdf/Human_Sector_Resources_Report.pdf Shelf Number: 122654 Keywords: AboriginalsIndigenous PeoplesPolice-Community RelationsPolicing (Canada) |
Author: Tan, Lourdes Elisse Title: Forging New Alliance: Exploring the Social Work - Police Constable Partnership within the Abuse Against Older Adults Unit Summary: Elder abuse interventions need a multidisciplinary approach to address the complex dynamics of the abusive situation. The introduction of the Abuse Against Older Adults (AAOA) unit provides a unique opportunity to address the psychosocial, criminal and legal dimensions related to elder abuse. This thesis focuses on the evaluation of the AAOA unit in its first year of operation in Vancouver, B.C. A qualitative research study was conducted, utilizing focus groups to gather data. The findings show that a police-social worker partnership model is critical in meeting service gaps in this area of practice. The data also explored the interaction between the AAOA unit and the external health care agencies that refer cases to this team. The results encourage future research to continue studying collaboration across multidisciplinary service providers, and further study on the social work role in law enforcement culture. Details: Vancouver: The University of British Columbia, 2011. 101p. Source: Master's Thesis: Internet Resource: Accessed March 13, 2012 at https://circle.ubc.ca/bitstream/handle/2429/34183/ubc_2011_fall_tan_lourdes.pdf?sequence=1 Year: 2011 Country: Canada URL: https://circle.ubc.ca/bitstream/handle/2429/34183/ubc_2011_fall_tan_lourdes.pdf?sequence=1 Shelf Number: 124525 Keywords: Elder Abuse (Canada)PartnershipsPolicing (Canada)Social Work (Canada) |
Author: Leuprecht, Christian Title: The Blue Line or the Bottom Line of Police Services in Canada? Arresting runaway growth in costs Summary: Despite rapidly rising costs, Canadians are not getting all the police they pay for. Canada's police are pricing themselves out of business; police budgets have increased at a rate double that of GDP over the last decade, while calls from the public for service have remained stable. Police associations have been happy to stoke public fears about safety, but the correlation between numbers of officers, crime rates, and response times has long been shown to be spurious. In fact, a great deal of work now done by highly trained, well-paid, and experienced uniformed officers is only tangentially related to law enforcement and could be done as well or better and more cheaply by someone else, freeing police to do their core job. Consider the fact that almost 40 percent of the Toronto Police Service's workforce made Ontario's 2012 "Sunshine List" of employees making more than $100,000, including six parking enforcement officers and a cadet in training. Consider also that much of uniformed officers' time is spent waiting to give testimony in court, transcribing interviews, teaching CPR, transporting prisoners, or a hundred other duties that take them off the street. In some jurisdictions outside Canada, civilian investigators even handle burglaries, leaving full officers to take on more demanding cases. We can learn from such examples. Canada needs a new debate about how we provide police services. That debate would focus on three main areas. First is the changing nature of policing, public expectations of police, and myriad inefficiencies related to the role of police in Canada's justice system. These powerful cost drivers go well beyond the salaries and benefits police enjoy but do not get the same attention. Second is the economies of scale to be harnessed from overhead. This report points out many areas where savings can be generated beyond what agencies themselves have already identified. They include: having forces share or contract dispatch, tactical teams, forensics, and investigations; common provincial standards and processes for hiring, communication, and procurement; and using technology, including record management systems to gather evidence and share it with the court and defence, and using lapel cameras, licence plate readers, and more, to make the job easier. Third, even if we reduce overhead and find economies of scale the benefits are limited, since almost 90 percent of police budgets go to pay salaries. Police work is complex, difficult, and demanding and should be well compensated. The real question is why police who are making upwards of $100,000 a year are performing so many tasks that are not really core policing duties and that other jurisdictions are delivering as or more effectively, efficiently, and productively through alternative service delivery in the form of both civilianization and outsourcing. Examples include: administrative functions, such as finance and human resources; burglary investigations, lifting fingerprints, and collecting DNA evidence; prisoner transport and court security; transcription of interviews; professional development and training; and background checks. Finally, general recommendations in this study to curtail the overall growth of police service costs include: re-directing calls and call volume to allow police to spend more time on problem-focused and community-oriented policing; rewarding achievement rather than seniority; cross-training police, fire, and Emergency Medical Services; reforming the leadership and institutional culture (or brace for a crisis); spending less time reactively "fighting crime" and more time on proactive intervention, mitigation, and prevention; having police colleges spend more time on developing critical thinking and analytical skills so as to counter a paramilitary institutional culture; and shifting from command-and-control principles to more participative and dispersed leadership and management. In the end, the responsibility lies with legislators to provide legislative frameworks that constrain cost escalation on the one hand, and provide greater latitude in service delivery on the other. The balance struck by reform and legislative renewal in Quebec is instructive in this regard. Details: Ottawa: Macdonald-Laurier Institute, 2014. 40http://www.macdonaldlaurier.ca/files/pdf/MLI_CostofPolicing_Final.pdf. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 8, 2014 at: http://www.macdonaldlaurier.ca/files/pdf/MLI_CostofPolicing_Final.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Canada URL: http://www.macdonaldlaurier.ca/files/pdf/MLI_CostofPolicing_Final.pdf Shelf Number: 132301 Keywords: Costs of Criminal JusticeCriminal Justice ExpendituresPolice ReformPolicing (Canada) |
Author: Council of Canadian Academies Title: Policing Canada in the 21st Century: new policing for new challenges Summary: Police in Canada are facing unprecedented internal and external challenges, many of which are rooted in the changing context in which police now operate. At the same time, significant new opportunities are emerging that can help police services to better adjust and ultimately prosper in the evolving safety and security landscape. To better understand how policing may be carried out more efficiently and effectively in the future, the Government of Canada, through Public Safety Canada (the Sponsor), with support from Justice Canada and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, asked the Council of Canadian Academies (the Council) to undertake an expert panel assessment that brings together the available evidence from Canada and around the world. Specifically, the Sponsor posed the following question: Given the evolution of crime, the justice system, and society, what do current evidence and knowledge suggest about the future of the public policing models used in Canada? Additional direction was provided through three sub-questions: - What existing and emerging issues are identified as key, cross-jurisdictional challenges for Canada's policing models, e.g., service delivery models, public confidence, performance measures? - What are some of the best practices and changes in the policing models of other countries towards greater effectiveness and efficiency, and towards fostering public confidence in policing? What are the relevance and applicability of such ideas in Canada? - What research/knowledge gaps exist respecting these identified challenges? What communities of expertise and other resources might best be utilized towards ongoing policing-related research? To address the charge, the Council assembled a multidisciplinary panel of 12 experts (the Panel) from Canada and abroad. The Panel's composition reflects a balance of expertise, experience, and demonstrated leadership in a number of areas relevant to the charge, including the areas of police reform, police administration and governance, criminology, and law. Each member served on the Panel as an informed individual, rather than as a representative of a discipline, patron, organization, region, or particular set of values. In preparing its report, the Panel drew from a detailed review of peer-reviewed literature, official reports, and statistics from Canada and other countries, particularly the United States and the United Kingdom, each of which has important similarities to Canada that make comparisons informative. Although the Panel recognized the limits of these lessons when applied to Canada, it relied significantly on international policing research, due to the limited availability of Canadian research. Details: Ottawa (ON): The Expert Panel on the Future of Canadian Policing Models, Council of Canadian Academies, 2014. 212p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 23, 2015 at: http://www.scienceadvice.ca/uploads/eng/assessments%20and%20publications%20and%20news%20releases/policing/policing_fullreporten.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Canada URL: http://www.scienceadvice.ca/uploads/eng/assessments%20and%20publications%20and%20news%20releases/policing/policing_fullreporten.pdf Shelf Number: 135367 Keywords: Law EnforcementPolice AdministrationPolice ReformPolicing (Canada) |
Author: Conor, Patricia Title: Police resources in Canada, 2017 Summary: There were 69,027 police officers in Canada on May 15, 2017, 168 more than the previous year. This represents a rate of police strength of 188 officers per 100,000 population and a decline of 1% from the previous year. It also marks the sixth consecutive year of decline in the rate of police strength. The 29,049 civilians employed by police services across Canada on May 15, 2017, represents a 2% increase from the previous year and accounted for 30% of all police service personnel. The proportion of personnel employed by police services who are civilians has gradually increased since the 1960s. Growth has occurred predominantly in the management and professional categories which includes managers, administrators, systems/computer analysts, scientists, and other skilled civilian personnel. On May 15, 2017, women accounted for 21% of all sworn officers. Women continued to be increasingly represented in the higher ranks of police services. Women represented 15% of senior officers in 2017the highest proportion ever recorded-compared with 7% in 2007 and less than 1% in 1986. The proportion of police officers aged 40 years and older has grown from 52% in 2013 to 56% in 2017. In 2016/2017, police services in Canada hired 2,917 officers. The majority (86%) were recruit graduates, remaining consistent from the previous year. Police reported that 2,684 officers departed their service in 2016/2017, with 67% leaving for retirement and the remaining 33% leaving for other reasons such as a job with another service or a career change. In 2016/2017, 10% of officers in Canada were eligible to retire but did not. Year‑end operating expenditures for police services in Canada in 2016/2017 totaled $14.7 billion in current dollars. Police spending has increased annually from 1987/1988 for every year except in 1994/1995 and 1995/1996 with very small decreases of less than 1%. Accounting for inflation, total operating expenditures in 2016/2017 rose by 2% from the previous year. When accounting for population and inflation, policing operational costs in 2016/2017 amounted to $315 per capita, almost unchanged from $313 per capita in 2015/2016. Details: Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 2018. 25p. Source: Internet Resource: Juristat: Accessed July 10, 2018 at: https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/85-002-x/2018001/article/54912-eng.pdf Year: 2018 Country: Canada URL: https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/85-002-x/2018001/article/54912-eng.pdf Shelf Number: 150804 Keywords: Police Administration Police Agencies Police Officers Policing (Canada) |